Islam - A religion that believes in Allah and the teaching of the prophet Muhammad. Hieroglyphics - A system of writing used by the Egyptians that used symbols and pictures. Griot - A storyteller, musician, and historian in West Africa. Great Zimbabwe - Large city that ruled in Central Africa starting around 1200 CE. Ghana Empire - Empire that ruled West Africa from 300 to 1100 CE. Africa is one of the Earth's continents.įufu - The staple food of West Africa. One very famous example was in 1922 when archaeologist Howard Carter discovered the tomb of King Tutankhamen, a pharaoh who died when he was only nineteen.Continent - A large continuous expanse of land. Explorers and archaeologists have discovered these tombs and learned a great deal about ancient Egyptian society from them. Hatshepsut, in particular, was a successful ruler, but many inscriptions and monuments about her were destroyed after her death-perhaps to stop future women from becoming pharaohs.Īfter their deaths, many pharaohs were entombed and surrounded by riches they were meant to use in the afterlife. Pharaohs were typically male, although there were some noteworthy female leaders, like Hatshepsut and Cleopatra. Though there is some debate among experts, many believe he was the first ruler to unite upper and lower Egypt (this is why pharaohs hold the title of “lord of two lands”).
Many scholars believe the first pharaoh was Narmer, also called Menes.
As a statesman, the pharaoh made laws, waged war, collected taxes, and oversaw all the land in Egypt (which was owned by the pharaoh). Maintaining religious harmony and participating in ceremonies were part of the pharaoh’s role as head of the religion. While early Egyptian rulers were called “kings,” over time, the name “pharaoh” stuck.Īs the religious leader of the Egyptians, the pharaoh was considered the divine intermediary between the gods and Egyptians. The word “ pharaoh” means “Great House,” a reference to the palace where the pharaoh resides. As ancient Egyptian rulers, pharaohs were both the heads of state and the religious leaders of their people.
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